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Bordetella parapertussis
''Bordetella parapertussis'' is a small Gram-negative bacterium of the genus ''Bordetella'' that is adapted to colonise the mammalian respiratory tract. Pertussis caused by ''B. parapertussis'' manifests with similar symptoms to ''B. pertussis''-derived disease, but in general tends to be less severe. Immunity derived from ''B. pertussis'' does not protect against infection by ''B. parapertussis'', however, because the O-antigen is found only on ''B. parapertussis''. This antigen protects ''B. parapertussis'' against antibodies specific to ''B. pertussis'', so the bacteria are free to colonize the host's lungs without being subject to attack by previous antibodies. These findings suggest ''B. parapertussis'' evolved in a host population that had already developed immunity to ''B. pertussis'', where being able to evade ''B. pertussis'' immunity was an advantage.
Two lineages of ''B. parapertussis'' have been described. The first infects humans and is responsible for a minority of cases of the disease pertussis (also known as whooping cough). The second, ovine, lineage causes chronic nonprogressive pneumonia in sheep. Both lineages are thought to have evolved from a ''B. bronchiseptica''-like ancestor. This disease can be symptomatic or asymptomatic and may predispose hosts to secondary infection.
==References==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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